{"product_id":"gaius-iulius-caesar-copia","title":"Julius Caesar’s army","description":"\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c!--StartFragment --\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis canvas print depicts \u003cstrong\u003eJulius Caesar’s army\u003c\/strong\u003e, active between 58 and 44 BC, the most mature evolution of the Marian model, built on long‑service professional soldiers. The legionaries, hardened by strict discipline and exceptional endurance, were renowned for the speed of their campaigns, their ability to face extreme logistical challenges, and their skill in constructing fortified camps and complex military works. The legion—identified by the eagle introduced by Marius—formed the operational and symbolic core of this war machine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnder Caesar’s command, the legions reached an unprecedented level of tactical efficiency. The professionalization of the soldiers, combined with his strategic brilliance, made possible bold maneuvers, impeccable logistics, and a versatile use of troops trained both for combat and for military engineering. The personal bond Caesar forged with his men, grounded in mutual respect and balanced discipline, helped cement their unwavering loyalty.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAware of the economic hardships faced by his legionaries, Caesar doubled their pay in 51–50 BC and introduced a stable system of land grants upon discharge, surpassing the earlier practice of occasional donatives. He also reformed the centurionate, creating a merit‑based career path that allowed even soldiers of humble origins to enter the equestrian order, strengthening cohesion and professionalism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContact with Celts and Germans led him to reassess the role of cavalry, which became a permanent component of the army thanks to the recruitment of allied contingents led by Roman officers. At the same time, Caesar introduced decisive innovations in military engineering: the bridges over the Rhine, the siege ramp at \u003cstrong\u003eAvaricum\u003c\/strong\u003e, and the double lines of fortifications at \u003cstrong\u003eAlesia \u003c\/strong\u003eare emblematic examples.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, he grasped the need for a permanent deployment of troops along the frontiers, anticipating the defensive system that Augustus would later institutionalize. Thanks to these innovations, Caesar’s army became a model of power, discipline, and engineering—crucial to the political rise of its commander.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003c!--EndFragment --\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c!--EndFragment --\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 263.5px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-ascii-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: black; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; language: it; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eOrientation\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-ascii-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: black; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; language: it; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eHorizontal\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eDimension:\u0026nbsp;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003e60x40 cm + 6 cm border = 72x52 cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eMaterial:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003ePrint on canvas (100% cotton)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003ePubblished by:\u0026nbsp;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eIBAM\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003ePrinted by:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eOVER S.r.l.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eYear of pubblication:\u0026nbsp;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003e2026\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eLanguage:\u0026nbsp;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eLatin\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eGenre:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eHistory of Italy\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eTopic:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eAncient Rome: Roman army at the time of Gaius Julius Cesar\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eIllustration by:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eDavide Percivalli\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eTexts and researches by:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.8195%; height: 32.9375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eCristiano Sigurani\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch5 style=\"language: it; line-height: 90%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; mso-line-break-override: none; word-break: normal; punctuation-wrap: hanging;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch5 style=\"language: it; line-height: 90%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; mso-line-break-override: none; word-break: normal; punctuation-wrap: hanging;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch5 style=\"language: it; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; mso-line-break-override: none; word-break: normal; punctuation-wrap: hanging;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-ascii-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: black; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; language: it; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003eATTENTION!\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch5 style=\"language: it; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; mso-line-break-override: none; word-break: normal; punctuation-wrap: hanging;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-ascii-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: black; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; language: it; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003eDOES NOT\u003c\/span\u003e INCLUDE FRAME.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ch5 style=\"language: it; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; mso-line-break-override: none; word-break: normal; punctuation-wrap: hanging;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-ascii-font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: black; mso-color-index: 1; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; language: it; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text1; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: black; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003eDOES NOT\u003c\/span\u003e INCLUDE WOODEN FRAME.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e","brand":"Italia Bella Amore Mio","offers":[{"title":"40 x 60 cm + 6 cm border on each side = 52 x 72 cm (borders included)","offer_id":56944431006041,"sku":"IBAM_ILL002","price":59.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"Material 40 x 60 cm + 6 cm border per side = 52 x 72 cm (borders included)","offer_id":56944431038809,"sku":"IBAM_ILL018","price":99.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0947\/8261\/9993\/files\/IMG_2610.jpg?v=1769524085","url":"https:\/\/italiabellaamoremio.it\/en\/products\/gaius-iulius-caesar-copia","provider":"Italia Bella Amore Mio","version":"1.0","type":"link"}